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「採用した新卒がすぐ辞めた……」その理由と早期離職を防ぐ取り組みとは? 「採用した新卒がすぐ辞めた……」その理由と早期離職を防ぐ取り組みとは?
経営陣や人事が採用活動を頑張っているなかで、現場から「新卒がすぐに辞めた」という声があがってくることがあります。
「採用活動にはまったく困っていないし、評判も気にしない!」ということであればともかく、通常は新卒がすぐに辞めるような状況が続けば、採用活動の負担は大きくなりますし、口コミサイトなどの評判も悪くなり、採用活動がますます苦しいものになる可能性が高いでしょう。
新卒がすぐ辞める問題が続いている場合、採用活動と入社後の現場で新卒に大きな「ギャップ」を感じさせる要素がある可能性が高いでしょう。
記事では、新卒の早期退職を生む要因となる「ギャップ」の内容を確認したうえで、ギャップを埋める工夫や内定承諾後のフォローの解説をします。
また、後半では、新卒の早期離職の防止と定着につながる受け入れ体制(オンボーディング)の構築ポイントも紹介します。
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新卒がすぐに辞める要因は「ギャップ」
新卒がすぐに辞める要因をひと言でいえば、『こんなはずじゃなかった』『思っていたのと違う』というギャップです。
このギャップをHR領域では、「リアリティギャップ」と呼びます。
新卒の場合、正社員として仕事をしたことがないからこそ、入社前に“バラ色の世界”を思い浮かべていることも多いでしょう。
そんな新人が社会人としてのマインドセットなども行なわれないまま、以下のような状況に直面した場合、大きなリアリティギャップが生じます。
- 現実はきつかった……
- 入社前に聞いていた話と違う…
- 思い描いたものがすぐには叶わない…… など
ギャップの具体的な内容には、業務内容、人間関係、社風、待遇、働き方……など、さまざまなものがあります。
ギャップがどのようなものであれ、大きなリアリティギャップはモチベーション低下や早期離職を生み出す要因となります。
退職理由に関しては以下の記事でランキング形式で詳しく解説しています。
ギャップを埋める努力が新卒の早期離職を防ぐ
新卒の早期離職を改善するには、採用時、また、受け入れプロセスや初期研修を通じてリアリティギャップを減らす、リアリティギャップに対する心構えをしてもらうことが大切です。
採用プロセスのなかでリアリティギャップを減らしていく考え方を、リアリスティックジョブプレビュー(RJP)といいます。
リアリスティックジョブプレビューとは、「現実的な仕事情報」を事前開示することで、入社後のミスマッチやギャップを防ぐ方法です。
採用活動は、「良い人を採用する」「自社に魅力を感じてもらう」ことが目的であり、意図的、また無意識に、自社の魅力や仕事のおもしろさ、やりがいなどを強調し、きつい側面や社内の未整備なところは表に出さない傾向が生じやすいものです。
都合の悪いことを言わず、都合の良いことだけを伝えることで、人材獲得はスムーズになります。
しかし、企業が都合の悪いことを伝えないと、入社後のリアリティギャップは大きくなり、入社後に「こんなはずじゃなかった!」という想いが生じて、意欲低下や早期離職につながります。
リアリスティックジョブプレビューでは、選考プロセスにおいて、“仕事の現実”をきちんと伝えていくことで、入社前後のギャップを埋めていきます。
ただし、いきなりネガティブな情報を前面に押し出しては、採用が難しくなります。
そのため、魅力付けとリアリスティックジョブプレビューのバランスは必要です。
リアリスティックジョブプレビューでは、以下のようなイベントや施策を通じて、自社の現実も明かしていくとよいでしょう。
- 社員との座談会(やりがいと同時に仕事で大変なことなども伝える)
- 職場見学、内定承諾後のアルバイト
- 志望度が上がってきた時点から面接内などでの情報提供
- 未整備の仕組みや体制に関する情報提供
- 内定承諾前の情報提供「こういうキツイこともあるよ」
上述のとおり、ネガティブなことばかり出していては母集団形成が難しくなります。
したがって、特に志望度が上がってきてから、また、内定承諾の前後などでリアリスティックジョブプレビューを意識していくことが大切です。
内定承諾後のフォローもギャップ解消に効果的
なお、リアリティギャップの解消は、内定承諾後にも行なえます。
近年では、就職活動の長期化によって、内定辞退する学生も増えるようになっています。
以下のような内定承諾後のフォローに力を入れると、結果として新卒の内定辞退と早期離職、両方を防ぐことにつながります。
内定者研修
内定者研修は、内定承諾~入社式までに行なわれる研修を指します。
内定者研修をギャップ解消に役立てるには、研修内で「入社後に想定されるギャップを洗い出してもらう」「ギャップへの向き合い方や乗り越え方をディスカッションしてもらう」といったことが有効です。
内定者アルバイト
採用人数が少ない場合、内定者アルバイトを実施するのもおすすめです。
先輩社員の補佐業務や実際の仕事をしてもらえば、実際の職場の雰囲気をよく理解できるようになります。
また、仕事のきつそうなところなどに対しても理解が深まりますし、耐性もできてきます。
内定者アルバイトを通じて基本マナーや基本スキルを身につけることで、内定者自身も自信を持って入社式に臨めるでしょう。
企業側でも内定者の適性がわかれば、能力を活かせる適材適所の配置もしやすくなります。
先輩社員との懇親会・交流会
懇親会・交流会は、先輩社員に働き方や仕事をするうえで大変なことなどを質問し、不安や疑問点を解消することにつながります。
懇親会・交流会で、先輩社員の話を聞くことで、自分が実際に働いているイメージも具体化できるでしょう。
先輩社員との座談会は採用プロセス内でもよく行なわれますが、内定期間に座談会や懇親会、交流会を実施して、入社後ギャップを減らす取り組みも有効です。
コロナ禍でオンライン採用が完全に定着しましたので、先輩社員との座談会、交流会などもオンラインで開催すれば、参加する社員側、内定者側、共に少ない負担で実施できるでしょう。
入社後の受け入れ体制(オンボーディング)も重要
新卒社員として入社するのは、少し前まで学生だった若者です。
新卒社員のほとんどは、アルバイトなどで働いた経験はあっても、正社員として勤務したことはありません。
新卒社員が働くことの大変な部分をイメージできていなかったり、理想化しすぎていたりするのは、ある程度はやむを得ないことです。
したがって、新卒社員における「こんなはずじゃなかった!」のリアリティギャップは、多少なりと必ず起こると考えておいたほうがよいでしょう。
リアリティギャップがモチベーション低下や早期離職につながらないようにするには、入社後の受け入れ体制を整備し、リアリティショックへのマインドセットなどを行なうオンボーディングや初期研修が大切になります。
オンボーディングとは?
オンボーディングとは、採用した新人が部署やチームに馴染み、早期戦力化をするプロセス支援の総称です。
オンボーディングを実施する場合、新人が短期離職する代表的な理由「5つの壁」を解消できるプログラムや仕組みを考えることが有効です。
①準備の壁
企業全体・部署・チームが、新人の受け入れ準備をしていないなど。
新卒社員の場合は、部門配属後のOJT計画などがきちんと準備されているかは重要なポイントです。
②人間関係の壁
新人の配属が周知されていない、新人を育てる気持ちがない、新人が話しかけづらい雰囲気があるなど。
新卒採用に慣れていない、採用人数が少なく準備する人事がいないなどの場合には要注意です。
また、部門配属後のOJT指導者と新人の関係性なども気を配っておく必要があります。
③期待値の壁
新人の入社意図や価値観と、組織の価値観・風土・ミッション・業務内容などがすり合わせられていないなど。
新人の場合、価値観やミッションなどのすり合わせは比較的出来ていることが多いでしょう。
ただし、新人が希望する仕事に付けるまでの期間、実現する機会に対する認識のすり合わせなどは注意が必要です。
④学びの壁
企業の文化・価値観・組織内の人・共通言語などを学ぶ仕組みがない。
2~3ヵ月程度の新人研修期間があるようであれば基本的には問題ないでしょう。
新人研修期間が短い場合、研修内容が業務スキルのみに偏らないように注意が必要です。
上述したとおり、企業の沿革や文化、価値観、共通言語などに馴染まないと、力を発揮することは出来ませんし、新人が「会社に自分の居場所がある」とは感じられないものです。
⑤アウトプットの壁
成果を上げる仕組みがない、適切な目標設定と達成へのサポートがない、フィードバックされる体制がないなど。
こちらもきちんとしたOJT計画の作成などがポイントです。
また、新人が成果をあげるまでの期間が長い場合には、ミニゴールを設定して成長実感や達成感を得られるようにすることが大切です。
先述のとおり、就労経験がない新卒が抱く「働くこと」へのイメージギャプ(期待値の壁)を解消する、ショックを和らげるには、初期研修内で社会人としての心構えやギャップの想像と対処法を教えたりすることが有効です。
また、たとえば、職場で新人側から話しかけづらい雰囲気がある場合、心理的安全性の高い組織を目指したり、ブラザーシスター制度を導入したりして、気軽に相談できる体制を整備することも必要でしょう。
前述のとおり、一度も働いたことのない新卒学生が入社すれば、多少なりともリアリティショックは生じるものです。
しかし、こうしたオンボーディングの仕組みがあれば、早期離職の決意をする前のフォローやケアが可能になるでしょう。
外部の研修会社を活用するのもおすすめ
リアリティショックを防ぐためのマインドセットといっても、社内で実施することが難しい場合もあるでしょう。
また、「給与の3倍稼いで一人前」「部門に配属されれば必ず想像していた仕事とはギャップがある」といったことは社内の人間が伝えるよりも、第三者が伝えたほうが有効なことも多いものです。
したがって、リアリティギャップに対する心構えなどは外部の研修会社を利用することもおすすめです。
HRドクターを運営する研修会社ジェイックでは、新卒社員に社会人としてのマインドセットを行ない、ギャップに対する心構えを醸成する2種類の新入社員研修を提供しています。
「新入社員PRO」は、全世界4,000万部のベストセラー『7つの習慣』を使って、自立したプロ社員を醸成するプログラムです。
また、「仕事の基礎の基礎」は、学生から社会人へのマインドチェンジに最適な行動変容を約束するプログラムになっています。
新卒社員の早期離職を防ぎ、早期戦力化を実現する新入社員研修に興味があれば、以下の資料をダウンロードしてみてください。
まとめ
「毎年すぐに辞める新卒がいる」という問題を抱える企業は、リアリティギャップが早期離職の原因になっている可能性も高いでしょう。
リアリティギャップを解消するには、以下のポイントを大切にする必要があります。
- ①選考プロセス
- リアリスティックジョブプレビューを実施して、入社後の大変なことや自社の未整備な部分も共有する
- ②内定承諾後
- ギャップ解消の情報を提供する、ギャップへのマインドセットを行なう
- ③入社後
- 受け入れ体制(オンボーディング)の仕組みをつくり実践する
ただし、新卒の場合、少し前まで学生だった若者であるため、ある程度のリアリティショックが起こるものです。
したがって、オンボーディングや新人研修のなかで、ギャップに対するマインドセットをすることも大切です。
HRドクターを運営する株式会社ジェイックでは、新卒社員に社会人としての正しいマインドセットを行なう2つの研修サービスを提供しています。
新卒の早期離職を解消し戦力化を実現できる新入社員研修に興味があれば、以下の資料をダウンロードしてみてください。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員
東宮 美樹
筑波大学第一学群社会学類を卒業後、ハウス食品株式会社に入社。営業職として勤務した後、HR企業に転職。約3,000人の求職者のカウンセリングを体験。2006年にジェイック入社「研修講師」としてのキャリアをスタート。コーチング研修や「7つの習慣®」研修をはじめ、新人・若手研修から管理職のトレーニングまで幅広い研修に登壇。2014年には前例のない「リピート率100%」を達成。2015年に社員教育事業の事業責任者に就任。
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