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2023年元旦、全国紙5紙の社説【人を残すvol.149】||HRドクター|株式会社JAIC 2023年元旦、全国紙5紙の社説【人を残すvol.149】
2023年元旦、全国紙5紙の社説
ジェイックの知見寺(ちけんじ)でございます。
12月に、東京国立博物館で開催された国宝展に行ってきました。
数多くの国宝を観ることができ、本当に貴重な体験をすることができました。
特に、私は書を習っているのですが、以前、課題で書いたことのある
藤原行成の「白氏詩巻」を直に観ることができ、感激でした。
さて、今回は、2023年元旦の新聞各紙の社説をご紹介させていただきます。
2021年から、1月の私の担当回では、全国紙5紙の社説をご紹介しています。
今年も、普段とっている日経新聞に加えて、読売・朝日・毎日・産経
各紙の内容です。
正月は妻の実家に帰省していましたので、元旦、近所のコンビニに行ったのですが
新聞が置いておらず、茅ヶ崎に戻ってから市営図書館で、コピーしてきました。
公共施設は有難いです!
以下、各紙の社説を抜粋してご紹介します。
◆ 日本経済新聞 タイトル「分断を超える一歩を踏み出そう」 13版2面
22年は混迷の1年として歴史に刻まれることになるだろう。
北京冬季五輪の閉幕直後にロシアがウクライナに侵攻、国連安全保障理事会の
常任理事国の暴挙は世界を震撼させた。
新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大から3年。世界の分断はさらに深まっているようにみえる。
世界は「2つの罠」に陥りつつあるのではないか。
1つ目は「ツキディデスの罠」だ。
歴史を振り返ると、覇権国が台頭する新興国と衝突し戦争につながる事例が
多いという米ハーバード大学のグレアム・アリソン教授が提唱した概念だ。
同教授は昨年の日本経済新聞とのインタビューで「米中はまさにその脚本通りに
進んでいるようにみえる」と警鐘を鳴らした。
2つ目は「キンドルバーガーの罠」だ。
英国から米国への覇権移行期の大国の指導力不足が1930年代の大恐慌と
第2次世界大戦に繋がったとする経済学者の分析をもとに、
ジョセフ・ナイ元米国防次官補が命名した。
気候変動や食糧危機など地球規模の課題解決に、米中など大国が責任を十分に
果たしていない現状がこれにあてはまるかもしれない。
2つの罠を回避するには、大国間の対立を緩和し、国際協調を立て直す必要がある。
分断が目立つ世界にも、目をこらせば修復への芽がないわけではない。
政治の分断にも修復の兆しはある。
日本は米国のような極端な政治の分断はみられない。
しかし、岸田文雄首相は昨年末に
相次いで決めた防衛力強化や原発新増設などの大きな政策転換について、
国民に丁寧に説明し理解を得る努力が必要になる。
日本は世界の分断修復にも外交力も発揮したい。
5月には議長国として広島での主要7カ国首脳会議(G7サミット)を主催する。
コロナ禍からロシアのウクライナ侵攻という未曽有の危機の中で増幅された分断と対立。
世界の多くの人々が、この状況から解放されたいと願っている。
今年こそ難しい問題を解きほぐし、前に一歩を踏み出す年にしたい。
◆ 読売新聞 タイトル「平和な世界構築への先頭に立て」 13版3面
いま世界は再び過酷な、しかも核の威嚇も含めた危うい戦争のさなかにある。
一日も早く戦闘を終わらせ、二度と理不尽な侵略戦争が起きないよう
平和を再構築する作業を始めねばならない。
日本はその先頭に立つべきだ。
ロシアのウクライナ侵略戦争から、いくつか気づかされたことがある。
たとえば、世界は一つ、ということも。
遠い地域の不幸な出来事が、電気代や食品など物価高騰を通じ、
私たちの日常生活を脅かしている。平和はみんなの願いだ。
独裁政治の危険さも、胸に刻むべき教訓である。
自由な民主的社会こそが平和を守る。自由と平和の尊さを改めてかみしめたい。
その民主主義勢力が世界的に少数派になりつつある。
英誌エコノミストの調査研究機関によると、「完全な」と「不備のある」を合わせた
74の民主主義国家の人口は、調査した167か国・地域の45.7%。半数にも達しない。
独裁者が二度と暴走しないようにすることが、新しい秩序作りの出発点だ。
そのための第一の方策は、勝てるという錯覚を、相手に抱かせないことだ。
うかつに手を出したら手痛い反撃にあい、損害がわが身に及ぶとわかっていれば、
無謀な攻撃に踏み切る可能性は低くなる。万一に備える防衛力の強化こそが、カギとなる。
その備える力を、いま最も必要としているのが日本である。
日本の安全保障が、かつてない厳しい環境にさらされているからだ。
政府が「反撃能力」の保有など、防衛政策の大転換となる新しい安全保障政策を
決定したのは当然だ。
もちろん、軍事力だけでは平和を守ることはできない。
平和の破壊を防ぐもう一つの大事な方策は、外交である。
平和の構築への結束を図るよう、国際世論を形成することも、外交の大事な役割だ。
国際世論の高まりが、穀物輸出の封鎖、原子力発電所への攻撃などの最悪事態を
部分的ながら回避させ、改善策が講じられてもいる。
国際世論は無力ではないのだ。
主に南半球を中心とした「グローバル・サウス」と呼ばれる国々が今後、
政治、経済両面で国際的に大きな影響力を持つとされ、米欧、中露が早くも
それぞれ接触を競い合っている。
日本が国連と共に、関係諸国とこれらの地域の対話のパイプ役を果たす意義は大きい。
ただし、そのために必要なのはまず国力だ。
企業にも家計にも、貯蓄は十分にある。それを先端技術の開発に積極的に
振り向け、経済を立て直すことが先決だ。
国際社会での発言力には、道義の裏付けも不可欠だ。
自由と民主主義、法の支配、人権の尊重など、人類共通の、国際規範に則った行動を、
まずは国内で実践していなければ、主張も説得力を欠く。
また、充実した国力、公正な行動は、国内政治が不安定では成り立たない。
5月には広島で先進7か国首脳会議(G7サミット)が開催される。
政治状況によっては解散・総選挙も視野に入ってくる。
今年は岸田政権にとって、文字通りの正念場となるだろう。
◆ 朝日新聞 タイトル「戦争を止める英知いまこそ」 13版S 9面
開戦初期にロシア軍の砲火を浴びたウクライナの都市ホストメリの空港周辺は、
いまも廃墟そのものだ。
昨年12月、首都キーウでも昼夜を問わず空襲警報のサイレンが鳴り響いていた。
仕事や家事を中断し、底冷えの地下シェルターで身を寄せ合う。
避難した先が空爆されて命を落とす人も少なくない。避難するか、否か。
「毎回が、命をかけたくじ引きです」。これが戦時の日常である。
爆音と警報が鳴りやまぬままウクライナは新年を迎えた。
国際社会のさらなる支援を市民は欲していた。だが、紛争解決の責任を担う国際機関には
すっかり失望していた。国際政治を教える大学教官は、「国連が役に立っていない。
何のために国際法を学生に教えてきたのか」とため息をついた。
実際、国連は機能不全をさらけ出した。国連安全保障理事会の常任理事国である
ロシアの拒否権行使で、違法な侵略戦争を止める決議を、たった一本も採択できなかった。
現在の国際連合を創設するにあたって、第2次大戦に勝利した米英ソ仏中の5カ国は、
大国の脱退によって瓦解しないように、「拒否権」という特権を編み出した。
だが、5カ国はそれを自国の利害を押し通す道具にしてしまった。
安保理は大国エゴがぶつかり合う舞台に堕した。
戦地ウクライナに身を置くとまざまざと実感される。
これだけ科学文明が発達し、国境を越えた人の往来や経済のグローバル化が進んだ
21世紀の時代にあって、戦争という蛮行を止める策を、人類がなお持ち得ていないことを。
一人の強権的な指導者の専横を抑制する有効な枠組みがないことを。
一方、欧州の東の地域で起きた戦争が、金融、食料、エネルギーの連鎖構造を通して、
世界中の人にも痛みをもたらすことも、学んだ。
眼前で起きている戦争を一刻も早く止めなければならない。そしてそれと同時に、
戦争を未然に防ぐ確かな手立てを今のうちから構想する必要がある。
人類の将来を見すえ、英知を結集する年としたい。
◆ 毎日新聞 タイトル「再生へ市民の力集めたい」 13版2面
人類は新たな「歴史的危機」に直面しているのだろうか。核大国の独裁者が隣国を侵略し、
国際秩序を揺るがす中、新年を迎えた。戦争の終わりは見えない。
ウクライナ危機で強権国家への警戒心が高まる。新型コロナウイルス禍で一時、流布した
「権威体制の方が効率的ではないか」との言説は今や影を潜めた。
バイデン米大統領は「民主主義と専制主義の戦い」を強調する。だが、体制間対立を
言い募るだけでは、民主主義国の土台を侵食する深刻な問題が覆い隠される。
まず、政治指導者が強権的手法を取る「内なる専制」の広がりだ。東欧や新興国に加え、
コロナ過や食糧危機で打撃を受ける途上国にも及んでいる。
次に、欧州などでポピュリスト勢力の台頭だ。
看過できないのは、危機を口実にした議会軽視である。
日本では、専守防衛に基づく安全保障政策の大転換が、国会での熟議抜きに決定された。
国民的議論を欠いたのは原発の新増設方針も同様だ。
国民の代表が集まる国会で合意形成に努めるのが代議制の基本である。
「民主主義の危機」に言及した岸田文雄首相の下、その原則がないがしろにされている。
民主主義の危機は複合的だが、通底しているのは、人々の不満と不安である。
指導者が議会の頭越しに大衆から支持を直接取り付ける政治スタイルや、
デジタル技術で人々の欲望を自動的に吸い上げて政策に反映する「AI民主主義」が
注目されているのも、そのためだろう。
「自由な人民の力が住まうのは地域共同体の中なのである」。
19世紀の仏思想家ビクトルは主著「アメリカのデモクラシー」で地方自治の重要性を訴えた。
今春には統一地方選が実施される。どうすれば政治を立て直し、民主主義を再生することが
できるか。足元から考える年にしたい。
◆ 産経新聞 タイトル「『国民を守る日本』へ進もう」 12版1面
ロシアがウクライナを侵略し、岸田首相は「東アジアは明日のウクライナかもしれない」と語った。
日本の首相が戦争の危機を公然と憂えたのは、少なくともこの数十年間なかったことだ。
安全保障環境はそれほど深刻である。
岸田政権が決めた国家安全保障戦略など安保3文書は、反撃能力の保有や5年間の
防衛費総額43兆円などを盛り込んだ。安保政策の大きな転換で岸田首相の業績といえる。
ウクライナ人が祖国を守る姿を見た国民の多数は防衛力強化を支持している。
台湾への中国軍の侵攻があれば、地理的に極めて近い南西諸島が戦火に
見舞われる恐れがある。抑止力と対処力の向上が急がれるゆえんだ。
北朝鮮の核・ミサイルも問題だ。理由なく相手を叩く先制攻撃が国際法上不可なのは
自衛隊も先刻承知だ。反撃能力の円滑な導入を論じてほしい。
ロシアは国際法を無視してウクライナの民間人・施設をミサイル攻撃している。
このような非人道的な戦術を中朝両国が有事に真似ない保証はない。
台湾のように、日本でも地下シェルター整備は急務だが、内閣に整備促進の担当相が
いないのは疑問だ。
中朝露が核戦力増強に走っているのに、安保3文書に国民を守る核抑止態勢強化の
具体策がない。岸田首相には取り組む責務がある。
何より、北朝鮮に拉致されたり、それに似た状況に置かれた国民を、自衛隊は海外で
救出することが許されていない。憲法9条の解釈で海外での武力行使が
禁じられているせいだ。
日本が国民を守れる国になるには乗り越えるべき壁がまだある。
それぞれの主訴テーマを整理すると、
日経:分断から協調へ
読売:平和の方法
朝日:戦争を防ぐ枠組み
毎日:民主主義
産経:国民を守る
ご参考までに、2021年と2022年の主訴テーマは、各紙、以下の通りでした。
2022年
日経;資本主義
読売:平和の方法
朝日:個人情報保護
毎日:市民と政治
産経:憲法改正
2022年社説の抜粋はこちらから。
⇒ https://www.hr-doctor.com/news/management/hitowonokosu/news-8346
2021年
日経:経済・民主主義・国際協調
読売:国力
朝日:核・環境・コロナ
毎日:衆院選
産経:中国共産党
2021年社説の抜粋はこちらから。
⇒ https://www.hr-doctor.com/news/management/hitowonokosu/news-3308
ご参考になれば幸いです。
今回の執筆者:「知見寺直樹」
(株式会社ジェイック 取締役)
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員|上海杰意可邁伊茲企業管理咨詢有限公司 副董事長
知見寺 直樹
東北大学を卒業後、大手コンサルティング会社へ入社。その後、株式会社エフアンドエム副本部長、チャレンジャー・グレイ・クリスマス常務取締役等を経て、2009年ジェイック常務取締役に就任。総経理として上海法人(上海杰意可邁伊茲企業管理咨詢有限公司 )の立ち上げ等を経て、現在はHumanResourceおよび事業開発を担当する。
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