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新入社員の定着率を高め、活躍する人材に育てるための入社前後のポイント|HRドクター|株式会社JAIC 新入社員の定着率を高め、活躍する人材に育てるための入社前後のポイント
「手間と費用をかけて採用した新入社員に定着してもらい、活躍して欲しい」というのは、ほとんどの経営陣や人事がそう思っています。一方で、入社3年で3割の新入社員が辞めてしまうという状況は数十年変わりませんし、最近では入社1か月での退職等も話題になります。
インターネットで新入社員の定着や離職について検索すると、「早期離職のホンネとタテマエ」とか、「退職した新入社員に、本当の理由を聞いてみました」とか、どれを見ればよいのかわからないぐらい、たくさんのコンテンツが見つかります。
HRドクターを運営するジェイックでは、これまで2万人を超える新卒・若手の就職を支援し、また採用後の定着支援・新人教育を提供してきました。記事では、ジェイックの経験を踏まえて、新入社員の離職を防いで定着率を高めるためのポイントについて、入社前と入社後、2つのフェーズに分けてお伝えします。
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新入社員が離職してしまう唯一つの原因
せっかく入社した会社を早期離職してしまう新入社員がいるのは何故でしょうか。新入社員が早期離職する要因は、「思っていたほど休みが取れない」「給料がイメージと違った」「思っていた雰囲気と違った」など、いくつかの理由があります。共通していることは「入社前と入社後で大きなギャップを感じた」ということです。
最近の新人は、インターネットを駆使して、たくさんの情報の中から自分の欲しい情報を見つけることが非常に得意です。最近では、退職した社員や現役社員が口コミを投稿する“口コミサイト”もいくつかあり、新卒の就活でも利用率は高くなっています。以前とは異なり、企業が隠そうとしても隠せない状況になっているともいえます。
新人が入社前に得た情報が、良い情報であれ悪い情報であれ真実のものであれば、入社後のギャップは生じにくくなります。しかし、「良いと書いてあったのに実際は悪かった」「悪いと書いてあったけど、ここまでとは思わなかった」といった大きなギャップがあると、“リアリティショック”が起こり、早期離職に繋がります。この“リアリティショック”こそが、新人の早期離職を引き起こす根本的な原因です。
今は転職支援会社も数多くあり、転職に対する後ろめたさを感じることも少なくなりました。とくに、第二新卒等の若手層に関しては、実務経験がなくても比較的転職しやすい状況です。
私は、HRドクターを運営する株式会社ジェイックで企業研修の講師をしているので、いろいろな会社の新入社員と関わる機会も多くあります。最近の新人は「ここでうまくいかなかったら転職すればいいや」と記念受験でもするかのように、就職・転職を軽く考えている人が珍しくありません。
このような状況で、どうすれば新入社員の早期離職を防ぐことができるのでしょうか。次章からは、入社前と入社後、それぞれにおける効果的な関わり方、早期離職を防ぐポイントを解説します。
【採用決定から入社まで】新入社員を定着させるためにやっておくべき3つの離職防止策
前章で解説の通り、入社前後のギャップこそが早期離職を引き起こす原因です。従って、入社前後のギャップを可能な限り少なくすることが、早期離職の防止に繋がります。本章では、採用決定から入社までの期間でギャップをなくし、離職防止に繋げる3つの施策をお伝えします。
入社前の離職防止策① 入社後の仕事を想定させる
「入社後の仕事」をリアルにイメージさせることを目的とした内定者研修や座談会等はギャップ解消に役立ちます。
- 入社後にどういう仕事を行うのか
- やりがいや目的は何か
- 大変なことはどういうことで、先輩たちはどう乗り越えてきたのか
など、入社後の仕事をリアルにイメージできる内容を扱いましょう。
大事なポイントは、良い面と大変な面の両方を誠実に伝えることです。良い面だけを見せると、入社後にギャップが生まれますし、大変な面だけを見せたらモチベーションが下がってしまいます。内定承諾後の研修や座談会を通じて
- 仕事のやりがいや価値 ⇒入社への動機づけ
- 仕事の大変さ ⇒リアリティショックの解消と心構え
の両方を誠実にしっかりと伝えていきましょう。
入社前の離職防止策② 入社後の人間関係を想像させる
入社後の人間関係は、離職の大きな要因の一つです。とくに「自分と同世代の人との関わりが殆どであった学生」からすると、「20歳も30歳も年上の人と一緒に仕事する」ことは、なかなかイメージしづらいものです。
一方で、受け入れる会社側からすると当たり前のこと過ぎて、伝えることを忘れているケースも多々あります。近い年代がいない状態で採用する中小企業の場合、入社後の大きなギャップに繋がることもありますので、とくに注意が必要です。
仕事で様々な世代の人とコミュニケーションをしながら進めていくこと、年上の世代との付き合い方(世代の特徴や考え方等も伝えられると尚良いです)、入社後の人間関係でありがちなトラブル事例や対処法を伝え、入社してからのギャップが生じないようにしておきましょう。
入社前の離職防止策③ 入社する人の情報を繰り返し伝える
入社前の離職防止策、3つ目は入社する新入社員の情報を繰り返し社内に伝えることです。「入社する人の情報を伝えることが、なぜギャップ防止に繋がるのか?」と思うかもしれません。
しかし、入社する人の情報を繰り返し発信することで、内定者との共通点(出身校やスポーツ経験、趣味等)をもつ先輩社員が親近感を持ちます。それによって、入社後のコミュニケーションや声がけに繋がったり、内定者の志望動機や将来の夢などを踏まえたコミュニケーションが出来るようになったりします。これがリアリティショックの防止に繋がるのです。
「新入社員の紹介は、内定式や入社式で実施すれば事足りるだろう」と感じるかもしれませんが、殆どの場合、仕事で忙しい先輩社員は、内定式や入社式で話された情報は覚えていません。内定式や入社式はもちろん、少ししつこいぐらいに入社人材の情報を発信することがおススメです。
なお、実施する際は、あらかじめ内定者に対して趣味などのパーソナルな情報も含めて社内に共有することを伝えておきましょう。伝えるタイミングは、内定承諾をした時がおススメです。「〇〇さんをより良く迎えられるように、〇〇さんのことを先輩社員に紹介しておきますね」などと伝えます。このように、受け入れ準備をきちんと行っていることを伝えることで、内定者が安心して入社できるようになる効果もありますので、ぜひ取り入れてみてください。
【入社後】新入社員を定着させる上で大切な3つのポイント
新入社員たちが無事に入社した後も、フォローは大切です。本章では新入社員の入社後に、早期離職を防いて定着・活躍を促進するうえで大切なフォローのポイントを3つ紹介します。
ポイント① 配属後のフロー体制を整備する
新卒の場合、入社から現場に配属されるまでの間は、主に人事担当者が新入社員のフォローにあたることが多いでしょう。人事担当者が採用業務も兼ねている場合、自分が採用した新人には強い思い入れがあり、なんとか定着・活躍させたいと思っているものです。そうした思いから、新入社員には小まめに声をかけたり相談に乗ったりするなど、新入社員のフォローをしっかりとすることが大半です。
しかし、新入社員が現場に配属されると、採用に関わっていない、関わっていたとしても部分的である現場メンバーは、入社した新人への思い入れが薄かったり、日々の業務が忙しくて新人をみる余裕がなかったりすることはよくあります。
結果として、現場への配属を境にして、新人へのフォローがグッと希薄になる、ということが多くの会社で起こっています。現場に配属されて、リアルな業務に携わり始めるタイミングは、入社前に想像していなかった泥臭さや大変さに出会うタイミングでもあります。
リアリティショックが生じやすいタイミングでフォローが手薄になるというのは、退職リスクを高めます。従って、現場配属後のフォローこそ、より意識的に仕組みをつくることが大切です。
配属後にOJT(=実務を経験しながら仕事を覚えてもらう)で新人教育を行う会社は多いですが、OJTにおいて業務そのものの指導だけでなく、感情面や人間関係のフォローまで一人の上司や先輩社員に任せてしまうケースを比較的よく見ます。
じつは、すべての指導を一人の上司や先輩社員に任せることは早期退職のリスクを高めます。業務面だけでなく感情面や人間関係のフォローまでしっかりとできる人はなかなかいませんし、一人の上司や先輩社員に任せてしまうと、上司や先輩社員と新人との人間関係がうまくいかなかった場合に逃げ場がなくなります。
おススメなのは、複数でフォローを分担することです。例えば、
- OJTの指導担当:実務面を指導してフォローする
- 指導担当の上司:中長期のキャリアプランや仕事の意味づけを通じてモチベーションをフォローする
- 人事部門:日報の確認や定期的な面談を通じて、人間関係や働き方をフォローする
- ブラザー/シスター:雑談を通じて職場に馴染むことをフォローする
といった形で、配属先部門の責任者とも打ち合わせて、職場全体でフォローできる体制を敷くことがおススメです。
ポイント② 入社後に新入社員がつまずきやすい点に先手を打つ
新入社員が入社後、つまずきがちなことがいくつかあります。例えば、
- 基本業務 ⇒ルーティンに飽きる、“成長していない”と焦る
- 報連相 ⇒上手くできない、躊躇してしまう
- 人間関係 ⇒周囲と良好な関係を築けない、上司やOJT指導者とうまくいかない
- 業務過多 ⇒やることが増えてパニックになる、心身のバランスが崩れる
- 成果 ⇒成果がなかなか出ない、自信が持てない
などです。他にも、「納期に遅れがち」「小さなミスが多い」など、新入社員が躓きやすいポイントは少なくありません。
しかし、つまずきやすいポイントが事前にわかっているのであれば、対策を打つことができます。入社後の研修で、新人自身に「どんなことが起こりがちか?」を伝えて、心構えや対策を考えてもらうことも有効です。
また、つまずいたと感じた時に気軽に相談できる人がいれば、安心して業務に取り組むことができます。業務フローや人間関係、忙しくなりやすい時期など、新人がつまずきやすいポイントを上司や先輩社員の間で共有しておき、何かあった時はすぐフォローできる体制を作っておくことも良いでしょう。
ポイント3 定期的に個人面談を実施して、リアリティショックをすぐにキャッチする
冒頭でお伝えした通り、入社後のギャップ(リアリティショック)こそが早期離職の原因です。どんなところにギャップを感じるかは人それぞれです。同じ給料や勤務時間、仕事内容だったとしても、入社前に想像していた内容や本人の性格によって、捉え方は異なり、反応の仕方も様々です。
従って、新入社員がギャップを感じているかどうかは、本人から直接、話を聴く中で把握する必要があります。毎日話を聴くことは難しいですが、1週間に1回ぐらいは、OJT指導者や上司等と個別に対話する時間を設けた方がよいでしょう。「何曜日の何時からは、面談の時間」などと決めておくと、時間が確保されるので継続的に実施しやすくなります。
ついこの間まで学生だった新人たちは、ライフスタイルが一変することになり、ストレスが溜まりがちです。仕事をしたことがない彼らの想像と現実がズレることもやむを得ない部分があります。一人ひとりの様子をしっかりと把握して、退職しそうな情報があれば即フォローできる体制を作っておきましょう。
おわりに
新入社員の早期離職が生じるのは「本人が思い描いていた入社後と現実のギャップ」が要因です。従って、新入社員の定着・活躍を促進する上では、入社前後のギャップ(リアリティショック)を埋めることがポイントです。
入社前は、
- 内定者研修や座談会を通じて入社後の仕事をイメージさせる
- 世代の離れた相手と仕事をすることの想像や準備をさせる
- 入社人材の情報を繰り返し社内に発信する
入社後は、
- 配属後のフォロー体制を整備する
- 新人がつまずきやすいポイントへ事前に手を打つ
- 定期面談を通じてギャップの発生を早めに捉えて対応する
といったことが、リアリティショックを防ぐポイントになります。ぜひ記事で紹介した内容を参考に、新入社員の受け入れ・定着に取り組んで頂ければと思います。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員
東宮 美樹
筑波大学第一学群社会学類を卒業後、ハウス食品株式会社に入社。営業職として勤務した後、HR企業に転職。約3,000人の求職者のカウンセリングを体験。2006年にジェイック入社「研修講師」としてのキャリアをスタート。コーチング研修や「7つの習慣®」研修をはじめ、新人・若手研修から管理職のトレーニングまで幅広い研修に登壇。2014年には前例のない「リピート率100%」を達成。2015年に社員教育事業の事業責任者に就任。
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