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ポータブルスキルを身に付ける方法は?重要性と実践ポイントを徹底解説|HRドクター|株式会社ジェイック ポータブルスキルを身に付ける方法は?重要性と実践ポイントを徹底解説
近年、日本のビジネス社会では年功序列・終身雇用がほぼ崩壊し、人材の流動化が進むようになりました。
こうした時代において、どの企業や業種・職種でも成果を上げられる人材になるには、仕事の基礎となるポータブルスキルを身に付けることが大切です。
記事では、ポータブルスキルの概要、ポータブルスキルを身に付ける方法や身に付けるメリットを解説します。
<目次>
ポータブルスキルとは?
いまの時代に不可欠なポータブルスキルですが、具体的にどのような能力を指すのでしょうか。まずは、ポータブルスキルの概要から確認していきましょう。
ポータブルスキルとは環境を選ばず活かすことができる能力
ポータブルスキルは、業種や職種、役職などに関係なく活かせるスキル(どこでも通用する能力)のことです。
各企業や組織における独自ルール、業界や職種特有の専門知識は、異動や転職することで使えなくなる場合があります。しかし、業種や職種に依存しないポータブルスキルは転職や働き方を問わず生かせるスキルです。
どこでも通用する=「持ち歩ける」という意味で「ポータブル」と名付けられています。具体的には、コミュニケーション能力やマネジメント能力、課題設定力、課題解決力、プレゼンスキルなどがポータブルスキルにあたります。
ポータブルスキルの必要性
現代では、終身雇用制度や年功序列などが徐々になくなり、また転職が一般化する、さらにはフリーランスや副業などの働き方も増えるなかで、あらためてポータブルスキルが重要視されるようになってきました。
また、業界や職種ごとの専門スキルも、多くがポータブルスキルの上に成り立つものでもあります。
例えば、時間管理やタスク管理のレベルが低ければ、いくら専門性があっても周囲から信頼されたり、仕事を任されたり、パフォーマンスを上げたりすることは難しいでしょう。
一方でポータブルスキルがあれば、例えば、基礎となる「課題設定力=構造を把握して適切な課題を見出せる力」がしっかりあることで、解決するための各種ノウハウや専門性をより効果的に発揮することが可能になります。
ポータブルスキルの3分類24種
株式会社リンクアンドモチベーションでは、ポータブルスキルを以下の3テーマ24種類に分類しています。
対人力 | 対課題力 | 対自分力 |
---|
傾聴力 | 試行力 | 決断力 |
受容力 | 変革力 | 曖昧力 |
主張力 | 機動力 | 瞬発力 |
否定力 | 発想力 | 冒険力 |
説得力 | 計画力 | 忍耐力 |
統率力 | 推進力 | 規律力 |
支援力 | 確動力 | 持続力 |
協調力 | 分析力 | 慎重力 |
各能力の特徴が知りたい方は、以下の関連記事をチェックしてください。
ポータブルスキルを身に付けるためには?
ポータブルスキルを身に付けるには、以下のステップがおススメです。
現状を評価する
まずは、現状把握が必要です。24種類を5段階で自己評価してみましょう。
可能なら、上司や同僚などの他人からも評価してもらってもよいでしょう。
現状把握によって、どこができていて強みか、また、どこに課題があるかが見えてきます。
身に付けたいポータブルスキルを特定する
次に、伸ばすスキルを決めていきます。24種類すべてを万遍なく伸ばそうとするのは非効率的です。
大事なのは、どこを重点的に伸ばすかを決めて、集中的に鍛えることです。視点としては、以下の2つで考えるとよいでしょう。
- 自分の強みを伸ばす
- キャリアステップや今の仕事で成果を上げるために必要なスキルを伸ばす
集中的にトレーニングする
ポータブルスキルを鍛えることは、スポーツの基礎トレーニングに似ています。
何か知識をインプットするというよりは、基本的なフレームワークなどを学んだあとは、日常生活のなかで繰り返しトレーニングしていくことが大切です。
例えば、「決断力」であれば、「意思決定基準の明確化」「リスクと報酬」といった決断するための基本的なフレームワークを知ったら、あとは、「日常生活のなかで10秒以内に意思決定する」といった自分ルールを決めて実践するなどのトレーニングを繰り返します。
業種や職種を問わず身に付けるべきおススメポータブルスキルの鍛え方
組織で大きな仕事を成し遂げるには、人と協力していくことが不可欠です。また、営業や販売などの職種であれば、対人系のポータブルスキルは成果に直結するでしょう。
ただし、キャリアを長期的に作っていくうえでは、まずはセルフマネジメント、セルフリーダーシップにつながる対自分力、そして、タスクマネジメントを実施する対課題力が不可欠になります。
したがって、対自分力と対課題力のなかでも基礎となる決断力、規律力、持続力、また、計画力や推進力、分析力などを磨くために下記の3つを強化するのがおススメです。
業務の優先順位を意識し、計画性を磨く
自分が抱えている業務の優先順位を設定して消化していくことで、ポータブルスキルにもある計画性を磨けます。
優先順位の付け方がわからないときには、『7つの習慣』で紹介された優先順位付けの考え方である「時間管理のマトリックス」を使うことがおススメです。
時間管理のマトリックスでは、自分の抱えている仕事を4領域に分類し優先順位を考えます。
- 第1領域(必須の領域):緊急かつ重要なタスク
- 第2領域(価値の領域):緊急ではないが重要なタスク
- 第3領域(錯覚の領域):緊急だが重要ではないタスク
- 第4領域(無駄の領域):緊急でも重要でもないタスク
多くの人はタスクの優先度をつけるときに、「緊急度」、すなわち納期やスケジュールで優先順位を付けてしまいがちです。
しかし、仕事のなかには、
- 将来の成約につながる顧客との信頼構築
- 新規事業の計画や挑戦
- 人材育成
- 自分自身のスキルアップ
- 心身の健康維持
といったように「緊急度は低くても重要なもの」があります。
時間管理のマトリックスを使うことで、自分の仕事に対する分析やいまやるべきことの決断なども行なえるようになるでしょう。
緊急タスクが舞い込んできても臨機応変に対応する
自分で設定した優先順位やスケジュールどおりにタスクが進まないことがあった場合、状況に応じて計画を変更する力を磨くことも、ポータブルスキルのトレーニングになります。
臨機応変に対応するためには、『7つの習慣』で紹介される考え方である「刺激と反応の間で一時停止する」、「影響の輪に集中する」という2つのことを意識するのがおススメです。
わたしたちが目標達成に向けて施策を実施しているなかでは、以下のようにさまざまな状況が生じます。
(状況や変化=刺激)
- 信頼関係を築いたお客様が転勤になった
- 製造元の機械トラブルで納期が遅れる
- 新型コロナウイルスの影響で客先訪問ができなくなった
こうした「刺激」から生じた感情に流されると、ネガティブな感情や怒りのままに、メンバーに八つ当たりをする、製造元に怒りの電話をするなどの行動(反応)をしてしまう可能性もあるでしょう。
大事なことは、ネガティブな気持ちを他者に伝えるという「反応」の前に一時停止をする習慣をつけることです。
自分が得たい結果を冷静に考えて、例えば、以下のような臨機応変な選択をすることができれば、より良い結果が手に入ることも増えるでしょう。
- 信頼関係のある担当者から新しい担当者を紹介してもらう
- 製造元に順次納品などでどのような対応が可能かを確認したうえで顧客に連絡する
- 積極的にオンライン商談を取り入れたり、提案書を整備したりする
また、『7つの習慣』では、主体的に生きるために「影響の輪」に集中することを勧めています。『7つの習慣』では、私たちの興味や関心事を、関心の輪と影響の輪の2つに分類します。
- 関心の輪:関心あることのうち、自分でコントロールできないこと
- 影響の輪:関心あることのうち、自分でコントロールできること
例えば、先述の信頼関係を築いたお客様が転勤になったとき、「転勤を中止にする」ということは自分がコントロールも働きかけもできない関心の輪です。
しかし、「新しい担当者につなげてもらえるように連絡する」といったことは自分自身でコントロールできる影響の輪です。
設定したゴールに向けたタスクやスケジュールがうまく進まないとき、自分で制御できない「関心の輪」ではなく、自分がコントロールできる「影響の輪」に目を向けて行動をすることで、目標達成に向けて確実に歩みを進められるようになります。
何事も目標をもって業務に取り組む
仕事においては、どれほど小さな作業でも、納期や生産性、ゴールなどの目標を設定し、達成するための計画を考えて実行していくことも大切です。
目標設定の基本は、SMARTの原則を使うことです。
- Specific:具体的である
- Measurable:測定可能である
- Achievable:達成可能である(現実的にチャレンジできる)
- Related:上位目標の達成につながる
- Time-bound:期限がある
また、設定した目標には必ず意味づけを行ない、自分事として取り組めるようにしましょう。目標を設定しただけでは、ゴールに到達できません。
したがって、必ず目標に至るまでの行動計画を立てるようにします。計画内容まで立てたら、実施と振り返り、改善のPDCAをまわしましょう。
この目標設定から達成までのG-PDCAサイクルを動かす力は、ポータブルスキルの基本となる力です。
ポータブルスキルを身に付けるメリット
ポータブルスキルを身に付けると、以下のメリットが得られます。
仕事で成果を上げられるようになる
仕事で成果を出し続けるには、各職種の専門知識やスキルだけ高ければいいわけではありません。
例えば、営業職の場合、傾聴力や説得力、支援力といったポータブルスキルの「対人力」があってこそ、商談におけるテクニックや商品・サービスの知識が生きて、売上を上げられるようになります。
また、職種を問わず、「対自分力」である持続力や忍耐力、冒険力、決断力などは成果を上げるために必要になる力です。
こうしたポータブルスキルをしっかり身に付けてこそ、専門スキルや知識を活用して高いレベルで活躍できるようになります。
業界や職種を超えて活躍できるようになる
終身雇用が崩れたなかで、自分のキャリアを作るには、特定の企業や仕事に依存しない、市場で通用する能力を磨くことも大切です。
例えば、傾聴力や受容力といった「対人力」のポータブルスキルを意識して高めることで、例えば、営業職からコールセンターのオペレーターへの転職、異業種への転職なども自信をもってチャレンジできるようになりますし、入社後にも活躍しやすくなるでしょう。
大きな課題や仕事にもチャレンジできるようになる
小さな仕事の場合、ポータブルスキルがなくても専門性さえあれば「まぐれ」や「いきあたりばったり」で終わることもあります。
一方で、大きな課題やプロジェクトの場合、仕事に取り組む期間も長く、途中で新たな課題も生じやすいことから、ビジネスパーソンの基礎であるポータブルスキルが身に付いていないと、ゴール到達までの確実性が低下するでしょう。
例えば、新製品の開発を2年がかりで行なう場合、プロジェクトを推し進める推進力や、何度もテスト運用と試作を繰り返すための忍耐力、持続力が必要になります。
また、組織横断的に多様な人材が関わる大プロジェクトでは、異なる価値観のメンバーの意見を受け入れる受容力や、自分のチームの事情を理解してもらうための説得力、一緒にゴールに向かうための協調力なども必要になります。
意識してポータブルスキルを磨くことで、周囲からも認められて大きな仕事や少しチャレンジングな仕事、新しいプロジェクトなどを任せられる機会が増えるでしょう。
まとめ
ポータブルスキルとは、職種や役職、業種などの環境を選ばず活かせる能力の総称です。具体的には、以下のようなスキルがポータブルスキルにあたります。
- コミュニケーションスキル
- マネジメントスキル
- 課題設定力
- プレゼンテーションスキル など
近年では、終身雇用制度などが徐々になくなり、人材の流動化が進むなかで、ポータブルスキルの重要性が特に注目されています。ポータブルスキルを身に付ける基本的なステップは以下の3つです。
- ①現状を把握する
- ②身に付けたいポータブルスキルを特定する
- ③集中的にトレーニングする
また、業種や職種問わず生かせるポータブルスキルの代表例として、対自分力や対課題力は以下の方法で鍛えていくことがおススメです。
- 業務の優先順位を意識し、計画性を磨く
- 緊急タスクが舞い込んできても臨機応変に対応する
- 何事も目標をもって業務に取り組む
そして、ポータブルスキルを身に付けると、以下のメリットが得られるやすくなるでしょう。
- 仕事で成果を上げられるようになる
- 業界や職種を超えて活躍できるようになる
- 大きな課題や仕事にもチャレンジできるようになる
ポータブルスキルの種類や鍛え方については、以下の資料も参考になりますのでぜひご覧ください。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員
東宮 美樹
筑波大学第一学群社会学類を卒業後、ハウス食品株式会社に入社。営業職として勤務した後、HR企業に転職。約3,000人の求職者のカウンセリングを体験。2006年にジェイック入社「研修講師」としてのキャリアをスタート。コーチング研修や「7つの習慣®」研修をはじめ、新人・若手研修から管理職のトレーニングまで幅広い研修に登壇。2014年には前例のない「リピート率100%」を達成。2015年に社員教育事業の事業責任者に就任。
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