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オンボーディングとは?新人の定着と即戦力化への効果と導入のポイント|HRドクター|株式会社ジェイック オンボーディングとは?新人の定着と即戦力化への効果と導入のポイント
新入社員を迎えるにあたって、ほとんどの方が「早くわが社で活躍してほしい」「離職することなく、しっかり定着してほしい」と考えるでしょう。こうした新人の定着と即戦力化に必要不可欠なものとして、普及しつつあるのが「オンボーディング」です。
オンボーディングを導入するメリットや導入にあたって気を付けたいポイント、おすすめのツール等について、実際の導入事例を交えながらご紹介します。
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オンボーディングとは?目的と概略
まずは、オンボーディングとは何なのか、どのような目的で行なうものかという基本的な事項を確認しておきます。
「オンボーディング(on-boarding)」という言葉は、もともと「船・飛行機に乗っている状態」を指す「on board」という語から生まれました。ビジネスの現場では、新しく組織に加入した人に向けて、いち早く組織に慣れてもらうために行なう施策のことを指します。日本ではまだあまり馴染みがないかもしれませんが、欧米ではすでに多くの企業が取り入れている概念です。
オンボーディングは、人材の即戦力化や組織への定着を目的として行なわれます。つまりオンボーディングは、新しいメンバーが現場での戦力となるまでに行なうサポートの総称であるともいえます。従って、社内用語を教えたり、オリエンテーションや飲み会で交流を深めたりするのもオンボーディングの一部です。
オンボーディングは、「社内用語を教える」「歓迎会を開く」「入社後面談をする」等、一つひとつの具体的な施策を指すのではなく、新人が組織にスムーズに溶け込むために、「いつ、誰が、何をするのか?」を決めた一連のプログラムを指します。
オンボーディングの実施で得られるメリット
オンボーディングを実施すると、どのような効果が得られるのでしょうか。オンボーディングの導入で得られるメリットを3つご紹介します。
新人の離職防止と定着
オンボーディングを実施すれば、新入社員の離職防止と定着率アップの効果が期待できます。とくに、オンボーディングは、新卒採用者だけでなく、中途採用者の離職防止や定着にも有効です。
日本は一括ポテンシャル採用の文化があるため、「新卒社員に対しては体系だった初期教育を行なっているが、中途採用者に対しては入社ガイダンスだけやって部門での教育に任せてしまっている」という会社が少なくありません。
これは、ばらばらと入社する中途人材に新卒のような手厚い研修は難しいという実情もありますし、社会人経験、場合によっては業界や職種経験がある中途人材は“即戦力”であり、未経験者のような丁寧なフォローは必要ないという意識もあるでしょう。
しかし、いくらスキルのある優秀な中途人材であっても、価値観や組織風土、仕事のスタイルが異なる企業では、すぐに力を発揮することはできません。むしろ、前職があるからこそ、“常識の違い”により、組織に馴染むことに苦しむ側面があります。従って、新卒人材に限らず、むしろ中途人材にこそオンボーディングは有効です。中途採用者向けのオンボーディングを実施していない場合は、ぜひ導入してください。
新人の早期戦力化と活躍率UP
就職・転職によりこれまでと異なる環境に置かれた中で、初日から100%の実力を発揮できる人はいません。しかし、頭では理解していても、心では、やはり「早く戦力になってほしい」「すぐに現場で活躍してほしい」と思うのが、受け入れ側としての率直な気持ちでしょう。即戦力候補として採用した中途人材であればなおさら、早期の活躍を期待することでしょう。
オンボーディングは、即戦力化の期待に対してもしっかりと応えてくれます。オンボーディングを実施すると、新入社員が現場で戦力として活躍できるようになるまでの時間が短縮できます。実際に、9ヵ月ほどかかっていた中途人材の戦力化が、適切なオンボーディングの実施によって3ヵ月にまで短縮されたという調査もあります。
オンボーディングは決して魔法の手法ではありません。しかし、「組織に馴染み、業務スキルを覚えて、目標に向かう」という王道をプログラムして実践することで、大きな成果が上がります。
人に依存しない組織の受け入れ力向上
新卒・中途を問わず、受け入れの初期に関しては人事部門が取りまとめていることが多いかと思います。人事部門では、入社時に必要な対応やガイダンス等に関してノウハウが蓄積され、手順書やチェックリストとして可視化されていることも多いでしょう。
しかし、部門配属後に関してはどうでしょう。各部門に任せてしまっていることが多いのではないでしょうか。各部門で受け入れを担当して、新人を指導する人の中には、マネジメントがうまい人もいれば下手な人もいます。受け入れと指導経験が豊富な人もいれば、経験がない人もいるでしょう。新人を受け入れて戦力化するまでの精度や品質を受け入れ部門側に任せてしまうと、どうしてもばらつきが出ます。
そこで、実際に教える内容等は部門や職種によって違うにしても、いつ誰が何を実行するかをオンボーディングで決めると効果的なのです。オンボーディングを導入することで、受け入れ方法を仕組み化して、品質を安定させることが可能になります。誰が新人の受け入れを担当しても、ある程度同じようなサポートやケアをできる状態が実現できるでしょう。
また、適切なオンボーディングを実施して企業全体で新入社員をサポートする仕組みを作れば、OJT指導者等にかかる負担も軽減できます。指導するうえで業務的な負担が発生することはやむを得ませんが、いつ何をすればいいかが決まっている、また、メンタルやモチベーション面のフォローを上司・メンター・人事部門等が分担してくれる等は、OJT指導者にとっては大きな精神的な安心材料になります。
オンボーディングの導入方法と成功のポイント
続いて、オンボーディングを導入・実施する方法を解説します。導入を成功させるために気を付けたいポイントも紹介しますので、ぜひ参考にしてください。
オンボーディングの導入方法
オンボーディングは、以下の手順で導入・実施します。後ほどご紹介するようなオンボーディングに特化したクラウドサービス等もいろいろありますが、社内でも十分に実施可能です。
【初めて導入するとき】
1.オンボーディングのゴールを設定する
入社から半年~1年後をターゲットとして、新人に「こうなっていてほしい」という姿や状態を設定しましょう。なお、「経験や部門によってもゴールは違う」ということになるかと思いますので、ゴール設定はある程度抽象的なイメージで大丈夫です。
なお、個別のゴール設定は、オンボーディングのプログラミングとして「入社日までに、受け入れ部門のOJT指導者が、入社半年~1年後のゴールと大枠の育成計画を作成して、人事に提出する」「入社1週間以内に、受け入れ部門のOJT指導者が、入社半年~1年後のゴールとプロセス計画を本人と面談して共有・合意する」といったプロセスを組み込むのがポイントです。
2.ゴールを達成するためにやったほうがいいプロセスを書き出す
下記3つの側面から考えると抜け漏れが出にくいでしょう。
- 組織に馴染むプロセス
- 目標達成に向けたスキル習得のプロセス
- メンタルやモチベーションのケア
- 上記を時間軸に沿って配置して、誰が実施するかを決める
あとは個別に運用しながら、運用の負担が大きすぎたり効果がなかったものを削ったり、追加したほうがいいものを加えたりといった見直しをしていきます。
オンボーディングの導入を成功させるポイント
オンボーディングを成功させるうえでは、「組織に馴染むプロセス」と「メンタルやモチベーションのケア」をプログラムにうまく組み込んでおくことがポイントです。
まずは、組織に馴染むプロセスは、組織研究の分野では「組織社会化」と呼ばれ、以下の6つの分野を学ぶことが必要だといわれています。
- 人間関係 :組織の構成メンバーを知り、人間関係を作る
- 政治 :組織の構成や関係性、意思決定のされ方
- 言語 :業界や組織で使われている共通言語や用語・略語
- 目標と価値 :組織のミッションやビジョン、価値観
- 歴史 :組織や事業の沿革や系譜
- 職務熟練 :業務に必要な知識やスキル
※なお、職務熟練は教える内容が多いため、部門・職種によっても異なる部分は「目標達成に向けたスキル習得のプロセス」として別建てで考えて、組織社会化の職務熟練としては、勤怠や経費精算・顧客データベースなど全社共通の内容で考えるとオンボーディングのプログラム設計をしやすいでしょう。
オリエンテーションや歓迎会等を設定していく中で、上記の各分野を網羅して、抜け漏れが生じないようにすると良いでしょう。
メンタルやモチベーションのケアという側面では、OJT指導者だけに任せてしまわないことが大切なポイントです。入社した新人にとってOJT指導者はいわば“上司”にあたる存在であり、ネガティブなことや本音はいいにくいものです。メンタルやモチベーションのケアは、OJT指導者の上司や人事、ブラザー・シスター、メンター等、直接の上下関係を持たないメンバーの面談等を設定しておくと、ネガティブな予兆を早期に掴んだり、ケアしやすくなります。
オンボーディング導入の具体例
オンボーディングを導入して成功している企業をいくつかご紹介します。紙面の都合上、断片的な紹介になってしまいますが、何か施策の参考になるものがあれば幸いです。
GMOペパボ株式会社
GMOペパボでは、「中途で入社した人の成長につながる取り組みをしよう」という社長の提案をきっかけとして、エンジニア向けのオンボーディングプログラムを行なっています。
それまで、事業部によって中途人材の成長支援にばらつきがあったり、目標管理の方法にも課題があったりしたといいます。課題の解決に向けて取り組んだのが、「ペパボカクテル」というユニークな名前のオンボーディングプログラムです。プログラムの中で行なわれている施策をいくつかご紹介します。
- 新入社員は全員、チャットツールの社内チャンネル「カクテルチャンネル」に入り、ONLINE上で、“セロハンテープの補充方法”から“郵便の出し方”まで、些細な疑問をすぐに尋ねられるような環境を整えています。また、チャンネル上では、部門を超えて、チャンネルに新しく参加した新人の自己紹介にコメントしたり、ご飯に誘ったりする文化が醸成されています。
- 事業部の垣根を超えた社内勉強会である「ペパボテックフライデー」で新入社員に自己紹介をしてもらったり、新人が既存社員と気軽にランチに行ける「ランチワゴン」という仕組みを作ったりと、新人が組織に馴染むための場と機会を提供しています。
- 組織全体のマネジメント担当者やCTO等、経営幹部とのカジュアルな「1on1面談」を設けて、新入社員の人となりを理解したり、組織全体での歓迎や中長期のキャリア開発等の相談に乗ったりしています。
- 会社で「やっていきシート」という共通フォーマットを使い、メンターと相談しながら自分自身で目標設計を練習するシステムも用意して、業務上での即戦力化を支援しています。
日本オラクル株式会社
日本オラクル株式会社では、「入社後1ヵ月で新人が企業に抱く印象が決まる」という考えのもと、新入社員のオンボーディングを「全社員の仕事」と位置づけて取り組んでいます。例えば、営業社員向けには「5週間研修」という集中プログラムを用意され、以下のような内容で新人教育が実施されています。
- 1週目:集合研修で企業の歴史や組織のあり方、ルール等基礎的な部分を学習する
- 2週目:上司がグローバル標準のテキストを使って教えたり、eラーニングで単元ごとに自己学習したりと時間割に沿った学習を行なう
- 3週目:担当する商品について、機能やツールをOJTで学習する
- 4週目:集合研修でのロールプレイングを通じて、これまで学んだことの習熟度を確認する
- 5週目:上司と一緒に習熟状況を確認し、顧客とのコンタクトの取り方等を練習する
また、現場の上司とは別に、目標の達成状況をサポートする「教育担当」と、経費精算や勤怠管理等の細かい業務をサポートする「サポート担当」、2人のメンターを新入社員に付けているのも同社のオンボーディングの特徴です。
これにより新人も相談する相手が複数できますし、「誰に何を聞けば良いか」が明確になり、とくにサポート担当が明確に決まっていることが「こんなことを聞いていいのか…」ともやもやすることもなくなります。また、現場の上司や教育担当のメンターも担当分野の指導に集中できるため負担が少なくなります。
オンボーディングに使えるHR techサービス/ツール3選
ご紹介した通り、オンボーディングは「いつ、誰が、何を実施するか」を決めることで、社内で実施を進めていけるものです。ただ、プログラムの大枠が初めから設計されていたり、それを人事・上司・本人等に自動でリマインドしたりする機能がついたHRtechサービスも登場していますので、3つほどご紹介します。
MotifyHR
元Googleのエグゼクティブであり、人材開発専門家のピョートル・フェリクス・グジバチ氏が開発に携わっている人材開発プラットフォームです。オンボーディングの実施はもちろん、社員満足度調査(パルスサーベイ)やモチベーション調査、オンライン上でのコミュニティ形成等もできる豊富な機能が搭載されています。
オンボーディングは欧米で進んでいる概念のため、ツール等もまだまだ英語ベースの製品が多いですが、MotifyHRは日本で開発されているツールであり、100%日本語で使えることも安心材料です。
サービスURL:https://motifyhr.jp/
HR Onboard
オーストラリア発のサービスで、政府やNPO、金融、病院、小売、人材等幅広い業界にて導入・活用されています。名前の通り、オンボーディングに特化しており、コンテンツ、タスク、パルスサーベイ、カレンダー招待等の機能が備わっており、スムーズなオンボーディングが可能です。
役割やチームに特化したコンテンツを追加でき、それぞれの新入社員にパーソナライズされた教育を提供できます。エンゲージメントの状態が可視化でき、「注意してサポートすべき人」等がひと目でわかるのもメリットです。
サービスURL:https://hronboard.me/
Click boarding
アメリカ発のツールです。人事情報システム、採用管理システム、給与計算システム等、他のシステムとの連携を幅広くできるのが特徴です。柔軟にカスタマイズして使えるほか、スマートフォンからでも使いやすいモバイルファーストなインターフェイスを持っています。
サービスURL:https://www.clickboarding.com/
まとめ
適切なオンボーディングプログラムを実施しているかどうかで、社員の定着率は大きく変わります。人手不足が叫ばれる中、定着率を上げるための仕組み作りは企業にとって急務といえるでしょう。
また、オンボーディングは退職防止だけでなく、新人になるべく早く戦力として活躍してもらううえでも有効です。ある調査では、9ヵ月ほどかかっていた中途人材の戦力化までの期間が、オンボーディングの導入による1/3に圧縮できたという結果もあります。本記事を参考にして、ぜひオンボーディングを導入・実施してみてください。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員
東宮 美樹
筑波大学第一学群社会学類を卒業後、ハウス食品株式会社に入社。営業職として勤務した後、HR企業に転職。約3,000人の求職者のカウンセリングを体験。2006年にジェイック入社「研修講師」としてのキャリアをスタート。コーチング研修や「7つの習慣®」研修をはじめ、新人・若手研修から管理職のトレーニングまで幅広い研修に登壇。2014年には前例のない「リピート率100%」を達成。2015年に社員教育事業の事業責任者に就任。
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