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年上部下の叱り方がわからない!NGな言動や心がけたいポイントとは?|HRドクター|株式会社ジェイック 年上部下の叱り方がわからない!NGな言動や心がけたいポイントとは?
従来の年功序列の制度が成果主義へと置き換わっていくなか、若くしてリーダーや管理職になり、自分よりも年齢的に上の人を部下に持つビジネスパーソンが増えています。
若いリーダーが直面する課題のなかでも、悩む人が多いのが、いわゆる年上部下の叱り方です。年下相手であればストレートに指摘できる人でも、相手が年上となると、どのように叱ればいいのか悩んでしまう場合もあることでしょう。
本記事では年上の部下を持つリーダーに多い悩みや、年上の部下に対するダメな叱り方、叱るときに心がけると良いポイントを紹介します。
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年上部下を持つリーダーの悩みとは?
年上部下の叱り方を考える前に、まずは年上部下を持つリーダーや上司が増えている背景と年上部下に対して抱えがちな悩みを確認しておきましょう。
年上部下を持つ上司が増えている
日本でも多くの企業が終身雇用に対する見直しを進めており、さらに雇用の流動化にともない、中途採用も当たり前となっています。
外部環境が大きく変化するなか、企業は従来の年功序列の制度を維持できない状況となっており、年功序列の制度を廃止する動きはこの数十年加速しています。
よって、数十年前には想像もできなかったほど多くの「年上の部下を持つ管理職やリーダー」「30代の部下を持つ20代の若手社員」などが生まれています。
成果主義や雇用の流動化がさらに進み、フリーランスなどの自由な働き方も容認されていくなか、年上の部下やパートナーをマネジメントする管理職、リーダーは、ますます増加する可能性が高いでしょう。
年上部下を持つ年下上司の悩み
年上部下を持つ人に多い悩みを順番に見ていきましょう。
・年上部下との接し方がわからない
成果主義のもとでは、今まで先輩として慕っていた相手が部下になる、親ほどに歳が離れた相手が部下になる、といった事態も十分起こり得ます。
「年上だが部下」という複雑な状況においては、どのように接するのが正しいのか悩んでしまうのも無理はありません。自分は上司だから上から目線の話し方でもいいのか、やはり敬語を使うべきか、年下部下と同じ扱いでも問題ないかといった点に悩んでしまうことが多いようです。
・自分より社歴や業界経験が長い相手にどう接すればいいか?
先輩社員の場合、自分よりも社歴や業界経験は長いこともあります。職種が異なれば上司である自分よりもスキルや知識が豊富な場合も多々あるでしょう。
年齢だけでなく、社歴も長く、経験まで相手のほうが上だったりすると、ますます注意や指摘しにくくなります。
・行動を是正してもらう方法がわからない
先述の社歴や業界経験にも関係するポイントですが、「成果を上げるために行動を是正してもらいたいが、方法がわからない」という悩みもよく聞かれます。
自分よりも知識や経験が豊富な相手に対して、どのように指示すれば良いか分からず、手をこまねいているうちに、さらに成果が落ちていってしまう場合もあります。
・指示したことへの反発がある
指示をしたあとに、年上部下から反論や反発があることに悩んでいる人もいます。反抗的なタイプの年上部下は、年下の上司にとっては頭の痛い存在です。
反発を恐れて指示ができない、皆の前で反論されても言い返せないということでは、他メンバーへのリーダーシップにも支障が出てしまいます。
・報連相が少ない
年上部下からの報連相が少ないことに悩む若きリーダーも多いようです。特に、豊富な知識や経験がある年上部下は、問題が生じたときにも、報連相をせずに自分の判断で作業を進めてしまいがちです。
主体的に仕事を進めてミスまで処理してくれるのは頼もしい限りですが、リーダーとしては、上司への報告やケアのためにも、各部下の進捗状況やチーム内のトラブルなどは把握しておきたいでしょう。進捗状況がわからないと、いざというときの支援や指示も遅れてしまいます。
年上の部下に対するNGな叱り方
一般的にNGな叱り方のなかでも、とりわけ年上の部下を叱るときに注意すべき点を解説します。
信頼関係が構築できていない相手に対し叱る
感謝や賞賛がポジティブなフィードバックであるのに対し、叱責はネガティブなフィードバックです。信頼関係の構築ができていない状態では、相手はそもそも叱られたことを受け入れることができません。
信頼関係が築けていないベテランや中途入社の年上部下を相手にするときには、特に注意が必要です。「年下でも上司の言うことなら聞こう」「相手の言うことに理がある」と思ってもらうためには、信頼関係の構築が不可欠です。
相手のプライドを傷つける
長々と説教する、大勢の前で怒鳴り散らす、経験や人格を否定するなど、相手のプライドを傷つける行為も慎むべきです。これらは叱っているのではなく、相手のプライドを傷つけて自分が優位に立ちたいだけの、マウンティング行為にほかなりません。
年上部下には年上部下なりのプライドがあります。年下にひどくプライドを傷つけられた相手が、「じゃあ、頑張って行動を変えよう」と前向きになることは、まずないでしょう。叱られた内容ではなく、叱り方に対して反発心を覚え、心を閉ざしてしまいます。
叱った目的が達成されないどころか、今後の関係にもヒビが入ってしまう可能性も高いでしょう。
叱らない
目上だから、叱りにくいからと遠慮してしまい、叱るべき言動を黙認し続けるのも、やはり大きな問題です。他の部下からは、「なんであの人は許されるのか」「あの人が許されるのならば自分だっていいだろう」と思われるようになり、チーム全体の統制が取れなくなってしまいます。
他部下からも信頼されなくなれば、年下上司である自分のリーダーシップは、ますます発揮しづらくなるでしょう。
叱り方における一般的な注意ポイントについては、以下の記事も参考にしてください。
年上の部下を叱るときに心がけるといいポイント
仕事していれば、相手が年上でも、上司として指導しなければならない場面はやってきます。年上の部下を叱る際に、心がけるといいポイントを知っておきましょう。
日頃から信頼関係を構築しておく
先述のように、信頼関係の構築ができていない状態では、相手は叱られたことを素直に受け入れられません。年上部下との間には、特に普段から信頼関係を構築しておくことを意識しましょう。
以下のような手順で、信頼関係と本人の居場所の両方を構築することがおススメです。
- ・チームのビジョンを共有する
- ・ビジョン実現のために協力して欲しいと伝える
- ・期待する役割を示す(若手の指導役をお願いするなど)
仲間として受け入れ、ふさわしい役割も提示することで、「今のチームには居場所がある」「上司から期待や信用をされている」と思ってもらえます。心にも余裕が生まれ、年下上司や部下の話にも耳を傾けてもらいやすくなるでしょう。
感情的にならず丁寧語で叱る
職場でのポジションは、業務を進めるための単なる役割に過ぎません。上司だから多少横柄な言い方をしても許されるという道理はありません。相手に接するうえでは、年上・目上である人生の先輩への敬意として、普段から丁寧語や敬語を使うのがおススメです。
改善して欲しい行為を叱ることは管理職やリーダーとしての役割であり、必要な行為です。このとき、年上に対しては、時には相手が年上だからこそ、「このくらいのことはやって当然」「基本的なことを言わせないで欲しい」と、怒りの感情が湧き出てきやすいかもしれません。
その気持ちをぐっと抑えて、あくまでも穏やかな口調で理性的に叱ることを心がけましょう。丁寧語や敬語を使いつつ、行為自体に対する指摘をある意味淡々と伝えて、是正を求めましょう。
年上部下の行動に怒りの感情が噴出しやすい人は、怒りとうまく付き合い管理する「アンガーマネジメント」を習得するのもおススメです。
修正して欲しい言動にフォーカスして短時間で指摘する
年上部下を叱る際には修正して欲しい行動にフォーカスして端的に伝えることもポイントです。経験豊富な年上であれば、自分の何がいけないか、本来はどうするべきか、課題を頭では理解しているケースも多く、くどくど言わなくても十分な場合も多くあります。
年上相手に限らないポイントですが、叱るという行為の目的は、相手の行動をより良い方向に修正することにあります。たとえ理解に苦しむミスであったとしても、相手の人格や経験まで否定するのは厳禁です。
例えば、「経験が長いのにこんなこともできないんですか?」「だからあなたはダメなんですよ」といった叱り方では、相手は存在自体を否定されたと感じてしまいます。
行動を直して欲しいのであれば、行動のみにフォーカスし、さらに相手が一歩を踏み出しやすい言い方を工夫するべきです。
仮に、部下にもっと報連相をしてもらいたいとしましょう。であれば、「報連相が不足していたことで、納品後にミスが発覚しました。上司として適切に支援していきたいので、今後は日次報告をキチンとあげていただけますか?」と、是正して欲しい行為や行為の結果、修正の指示が妥当です。
動機づけに配慮をする
豊富な経験や知識を持つ年上部下の場合、上司から叱られた際の指示や上司の意思決定に対して「自分の方法のほうがいいはずなのに」といった違和感を抱くこともあるものです。
先述のとおり、叱ることや指示、意思決定は上司の役割ですが、相手が納得できないやり方を一方的に押し付けるのも問題です。特に、部下のほうが業務に精通しているケースでは、モチベーションの低下や信頼関係の崩壊を招いてしまいかねません。
叱る内容に指示や意思決定が含まれる場合には、ベテランならではの提案や意見、疑問点がないかを確認してみるのも手です。相手が感じている違和感に耳を傾けてみることで現場の課題への理解が進み、新たな解決方法も思い浮かぶかもしれません。
指示の根拠や方向性が明確であり、部下の違和感や疑問を解消できれば、相手も高いモチベーションで業務を進めてくれるようになるでしょう。
相手のプライドを守る
叱る際には、端的に指摘しつつ、相手のプライドを守ることも大切です。豊富な人生経験や業務経験、社歴を持つ年上部下に対しては、年下を叱るとき以上の配慮が求められます。
年上部下との関わり方では、相手のプライドを守りながらも、適度にプライドを刺激するのが理想的です。
例えば、「○○さんならできるはず」「何か集中しづらい理由がありますか?」「若い部下への見本として、指示を実行して欲しい」といった言い方なら、相手もさほど悪い気はしないはずです。うまく相手のプライドをくすぐり、やる気をかき立てる方向へと導きましょう。
加えて、自分がいくら正しいと思っても、理詰めにせず、相手に逃げ場をつくるような配慮も必要です。特に、相手が深く反省をしているのに追い打ちをかけるのは、逆効果です。
叱ったあとは普段どおり話しかける
年上の部下からすると、どれだけ言い方に配慮しても、やはり年下の上司からネガティブなフィードバックをもらうのは、ショックなものです。
少なからず相手の心にダメージを与える行為であるからこそ、「叱る」ことは短時間で終わらせて、以後は上司側から普段どおりのトーンで話しかけることを心がけましょう。
「年上部下の叱り方」に関してよくある質問
Q.「年上部下を叱るときに注意すべきことは?」
人生経験やスキルを軽視した叱り方はやめましょう。年上部下の場合、同じ業界にいれば豊富な業務経験や社会経験があります。頭ごなしに相手のスキルなどを否定せず、尊重していることを前提として叱ることが大切です。
Q.「年上部下のマネジメントのコツは?」
年上部下の「役割や居場所をつくる」ことがポイントです。業界経験の長い年上部下に「若手の指導を欲しい」ことや、チームのビジョンを伝えて「目標達成のために力を貸して欲しい」など、役割や居場所を提供することがコツです。
Q.「年上部下と信頼関係を作るポイントは?」
年上部下と信頼関係を築くポイントは大きく3つです。
- 原則は敬語で接する
- 知らないことを恥じずに力を借りる
- すべてのメンバーに対して公平/平等に接する
まとめ
日本で長く続いてきた年功序列の制度が崩れ、雇用も流動化しているなかで、昨今では、年上部下を持つ上司が増えています。年上部下を持つ上司のなかには、自分より社歴や業界経験が長い部下との接し方、特に叱り方に悩む人が少なくありません。
チーム全体の秩序を守るためには、相手が年上でも、時には相手を叱ることも必要です。普段から適切なコミュニケーションを取って信頼関係を築いたうえで、理性的かつ論理的な叱り方をしましょう。相手の意見にも耳を傾ける、年上ならではのプライドに配慮するなどの姿勢も大切です。
本記事でご紹介したポイントを参考に実践していけば、年上の部下とも良好な関係を保ちつつ、チームのアウトプットも高めていけるでしょう。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック 執行役員
東宮 美樹
筑波大学第一学群社会学類を卒業後、ハウス食品株式会社に入社。営業職として勤務した後、HR企業に転職。約3,000人の求職者のカウンセリングを体験。2006年にジェイック入社「研修講師」としてのキャリアをスタート。コーチング研修や「7つの習慣®」研修をはじめ、新人・若手研修から管理職のトレーニングまで幅広い研修に登壇。2014年には前例のない「リピート率100%」を達成。2015年に社員教育事業の事業責任者に就任。
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