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「影響の輪」と「関心の輪」とは?人生を好転させる主体的な生き方のポイント|7つの習慣|HRドクター|株式会社JAIC 「影響の輪」と「関心の輪」とは?人生を好転させる主体的な生き方のポイント
私たちの周りには日々、さまざまな出来事が起こります。起こる出来事のなかには自分が関心あることも数多くあります。「明日の天気」「顧客の返答」「次回のボーナス」「上司の機嫌」「週末の予定」……など、挙げていくと切りがありません。
そして、不思議なことに、私たちの関心事や悩み事を挙げていくと、悩んでも結果が変わらないことが大半のように思えます。
ベストセラーとなったビジネス書『7つの習慣』で、筆者のスティーヴン・R・コヴィー博士は、私たちの関心事を「関心の輪」と「影響の輪」という2つの輪で示しています。記事では、『7つの習慣』における「影響の輪」と「関心の輪」とはなにか、そして、「影響の輪」と「関心の輪」の考え方に基づいて主体的に行動するポイントを解説します。
7つの習慣の内容や効果については以下の記事で要約しています。
<目次>
「影響の輪」「関心の輪」とは?
私たちは皆それぞれ、多くの関心事を持っている。健康、家族、仕事の問題、経済、世界の平和など。関心の輪を描くことで、関心を持っている事柄と関心を持っていない事柄とを分けることができる。そして、関心の輪の中に入っている事柄を見つめれば、実質的にコントロールできないものと、コントロールできるもの、あるいは大きく影響できるものがある、ということがすぐに分かる。後者の範囲は、もっと小さい輪、つまり影響の輪を描くことによって示すことができる。
出典:『7つの習慣』 スティーヴン・R・コヴィー
書籍『7つの習慣』でコヴィー博士は、私たちの持つさまざまな関心事を「関心の輪」と呼び、関心の輪のうち「変えられるもの、影響できること」が「影響の輪」であるとしています。コヴィー博士が『7つの習慣』で示した「関心の輪」と「影響の輪」は、以下のように表すことができます。
「自分で変えられること、影響できること」「自分では変えられないこと、影響できないこと」の具体例
具体的な事例で、「自分が変えられるもの、影響できること」と「自分では変えられないもの、影響できないこと」を説明します。
例えば、明日外出する予定があるため、明日の天気に関心があったとします。しかし、どう頑張っても明日の天気を自分の力で変えることはできません。つまり、明日の天気は「関心はあるが、変えられないもの、影響できないこと」、つまり、関心の輪(影響の輪を除いたドーナッツ状の部分)に入ります。
一方で、お腹が減っているときの「夕飯のおかず」はどうでしょうか。調理するにせよ、スーパーで総菜を買うにせよ、自分が行動することで好みに応じて夕飯のおかずを用意することが可能でしょう。つまり、夕飯のおかずは「関心があり、かつ変えられるもの、影響できること」であり、「影響の輪」に入るわけです。
私たちは無意識に2つの輪のどちらに力を注ぐかを決めて生きている
2つの輪のうちの「影響の輪」の中にある事柄であれば、私たちは自分で影響しコントロールすることができます。であれば私たちは影響の輪の中のことに集中して行動したほうが、望む結果に近づくことができます。
しかし、私たちは、
「明日は雨が降るかな……降らないと良いのだけど」
「部長の機嫌が悪そうだ。相談しないといけないことがあるのに困るな……」
「先日買った企業の株価、下がったまま当分戻りそうにない」
「今日は天気が悪いから、とてもじゃないけど気分が乗らない」
「あの時なぜあんなことで失敗しちゃったんだろう。やめとけばよかった」
など、自分では変えられないもの、影響できないことに意識を向けて、悩んでしまうことが往々にしてあります。私たちは、なぜ自分で変えたり影響できる「影響の輪」ではなく、自分で変えたり影響できない「関心の輪」に、人生の貴重な時間や無駄なエネルギーを使ってしまうのでしょう?
自分が時間やエネルギーの大部分を、この二つの輪のどちらに集中させているかを考えることにより、主体性の度合いをよく知ることができる。主体的な人は、努力と時間を影響の輪に集中させ、自らが影響できる事柄に働きかける。彼らの使うエネルギーは積極的なものであり、その結果として、影響の輪が大きく広がることになる。
一方、反応的な人は関心の輪に集中している。他人の欠点、周りの環境、自分のコントロールの及ばない状況などに集中する。これらのものに集中すると、人のせいにする態度や反応的な言葉、あるいは被害者意識をつくり出すことになる。反応的な人は消極的なエネルギーを発生させ、影響を及ぼせる事柄を疎かにするので、影響の輪は次第に小さくなる。
出典:『7つの習慣』 スティーヴン・R・コヴィー
コヴィー博士によると、私たちが「関心の輪」と「影響の輪」のどちらに集中するかは、私たち自身の姿勢や考え方が「主体的」かどうかで決まるのだと言っています。主体的な人は「影響の輪」の中のことに集中し、逆に反応的な人は「関心の輪」に集中するといいます。
「影響の輪」の外にあることと、「影響の輪」の中にあること
前節では、私たちが自分で変えたり影響できることと、変えたり影響できないこととして、それぞれ「天気」と「夕飯のおかず」を例に説明しました。天気や夕飯のおかずはわかりやすい例ですが、もう少し影響の輪の中にある、外にあるというのがどういうことかを解説します。
「影響の輪」の外にある変えられないこと、影響できないこと
私たちに変えられない事柄として、大きな存在が「過去」です。当然ですが、過ぎ去った時間を変えることはできません。しかし、過去の失敗や過ちで悩み続けてしてしまう人も少なくありません。もちろん、人間ですから、過去の記憶や体験を忘れたり、さっぱり水に流したりすることは簡単ではないかもしれません。しかし、過去の出来事そのものを変えることはできません。
「過去」と同様に、私たちが変えようとしても変えられないものに「他人」が挙げられます。私たちが持つ物の見方や思考の癖、行動パターンのことを、『7つの習慣』ではパラダイムと呼んでいます。パラダイムは、私たちが経験を通じて形成され、人格とも深く結びついています。したがって他人を変えようとしても簡単には変わりません。
しかし、私たちは、「なんで、あなたは私のことをわかってくれないの!」「どうしてお前は、ゲームばっかりで勉強しないんだ?」 「何度も言っているのに、どうして俺の言うことが聞けないんだ」と、相手を変えようとするアプローチをしてしまいがちです。無理に相手を変えようとするアプローチでは、相手はあなたが期待するようには変わらないどころが、お互いフラストレーションを抱えることで、存在していた信頼や関係性すら台無しになりかねません。
上記で挙げた「過去」や「他人」は、私たちが自分で変えられないもの、影響できないこと、つまり「影響の輪」の外にあるもの代表です。「影響の輪」の外にある事柄は、他にも探せば下図のようにいろいろあります。いずれにしても、自分で変えられない事柄に意識を向けている限り、状況は何一つ好転しません。「影響の輪」の外にあることに集中することは、私たちが人生を無駄にすることにつながります。
<影響の輪の外側にあるもの>
「影響の輪」の中にある変えられること、影響できること
関心の輪に入るものとは逆に、私たち自身が変えられるもの、影響できることは何でしょうか。私たちが変えられる、影響できる最大の資源は、最も身近な存在、すなわち「自分自身」です。自分の知識や行動、スキル、あるいは普段の習慣や心がけといったものは、変えようと思えば私たち自身の意思で変えることができます。
例えば、事例で紹介した「明日の天気」は関心の輪です。明日の天気に影響を与えることはできません。しかし、「雨に濡れにくいルートを選ぶ」「折り畳み傘をカバンに入れておく」「荷物が濡れないようにビニール袋等に入れておく」といった自分の行動は変えることができます。
「影響の輪」に時間やエネルギーを注いでいる人は、仮に何かを実施して満足のいく結果が得られなかったとしても、「やり方をこう変えてみよう!」「別のやり方を試してみよう!」「考え方や捉え方を変えたほうがいいのか?」など、自分が改善できることに意識が向きます。自分に改善できることに集中し、行動していくことで、いずれ望む結果に近づいていくことでしょう。
「影響の輪」は、私たちの生き方・考え方で広げることができる
「影響の輪」が大きければ大きいほど、自分が影響できること、変えられることが多いわけです。じつは影響の輪は自分自身の行動で広げることができます。
主体的な人は、努力と時間を影響の輪に集中させ、自らが影響できる事柄に働きかける。彼らの使うエネルギーは積極的なものであり、その結果として、影響の輪が大きく広がることになる。
一方、反応的な人は関心の輪に集中している。他人の欠点、周りの環境、自分のコントロールの及ばない状況などに集中する。これらのものに集中すると、人のせいにする態度や反応的な言葉、あるいは被害者意識をつくり出すことになる。反応的な人は消極的なエネルギーを発生させ、影響を及ぼせる事柄を疎かにするので、影響の輪は次第に小さくなる。
出典:『7つの習慣』 スティーヴン・R・コヴィー
主体的な人は「影響の輪」に集中します。自分自身が変えられることに集中し、自らの考え方、言動を変えて望む結果に取り組む主体的な姿勢は、周囲からの信頼や共感を呼び起こします。努力を通じて能力向上や影響の与え方がわかってきたり、協力してくれる人が増えたりするなかで、影響の輪が徐々に広がってきます。
一方で、関心の輪に集中する人は、自らの姿勢や行動は変えようとせず、「変えられないこと」についての願望や結果への不満、他責にする言動を繰り返します。「うちの会社がこうなってくれればいいのに……」「どうせ〇〇だからうまくいかないよ」「なんで〇〇してくれないんだ……」といった言動を繰り返す人から、人は徐々に離れていきます。結果的に、関心の輪に意識を向け続ける人は徐々に影響の輪が小さくなり、ますます関心の輪に意識を向けるという悪循環に陥ります。
「影響の輪」に関してよくある質問
Q.「影響の輪」の具体例は?
影響の輪は、「自分が変えられるもの、影響を及ぼせるもの」です。
具体的に…
Q.「関心の輪」の具体例は?
関心の輪は、「自分では変えられないもの、影響できないもの」です。
具体的に…
Q.『7つの習慣』はどんな本?
『7つの習慣』は、スティーブン・R・コヴィー博士による書籍で、1989年に初版が発行されました。現在、全世界で4000万部、日本国内でも240万部の売上を誇る大ベストセラーです。
『7つの習慣』をわかりやすく要約した記事は、下記からご覧ください。
まとめ:影響の輪に集中して望む結果を手に入れよう
記事では、『7つの習慣』の「影響の輪」と「関心の輪」を解説しました。影響の輪とは、自らが影響を与えられるもの、変えられるもの、コントロールできるものです。影響の輪に入る最大の資源は「自分自身」です。自分自身が物事をどのように捉えるか、どのような言動をするか、どう反応するかなどは、影響の輪に入る最たるものです。
一方で、関心の輪は、自分が関心はあるが、影響を与えられないもの、変えられないものを指します。例えば、明日の天気、上司の機嫌、顧客の意思決定、景気、会社からの人事評価などが関心の輪に入る事柄です。
そして、主体的な人は、影響の輪に集中することで、望む結果に徐々に近づいていきます。また、自分の努力や周囲からの信頼獲得を通じて、影響の輪自体も徐々に大きくなっていきます。一方で関心の輪に集中する人は、願望や不満、他責の発言を繰り返すことで、周囲からの信頼を失って影響の輪がどんどん小さくなっていくという悪循環に陥ります。
大切なことは、今の自分の影響の輪の大きさ、影響力ではなく、今の自分が変えられることに集中することです。改善できることを考え、スキルアップに励む、自ら働きかけるなど愚直に取り組みを続けていけば、少しずつ自分が影響を及ぼせる範囲は広がっていきます。次第に以前は影響の輪の外にあった大きな問題に対しても、自分が影響を及ぼすことのできる日がやってきます。
自分が望む人生をつくりたいのであれば、影響の輪に集中することです。記事を参考に「自分で影響できることはなんだろうか」と考えて行動に移すことをぜひ習慣化してください。
株式会社ジェイックでは、7つの習慣を習得する研修を実施しています。フランクリン・コヴィー・ジャパン株式会社と正式契約しており、認定資格を取得した講師が研修を行います。ご興味のある方はぜひ以下のページよりお問い合わせください。
著者情報
株式会社ジェイック シニアマネージャー
宮本 靖之
大手生命保険会社にて、営業スタッフの採用・教育担当、営業拠点長職に従事。ジェイック入社後、研修講師として、新入社員から管理職層に至るまで幅広い階層の研修に登壇している。また、大学での就活生の就職対策講座も担当。
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