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出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)とは?注目される背景や活用のポイントを解説! 出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)とは?注目される背景や活用のポイントを解説!
近年、転職と中途採用が当たり前となるなかで、どの企業でも自社の採用基準をクリアするキャリア層の確保に頭を悩ませています。
こうした中で注目されているのが、自社を卒業(退職)した人を再び雇い入れる「出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)」です。
本記事では、出戻り採用の概要と注目される背景、出戻り採用のメリット・デメリットを確認します。
後半では出戻り社員の採用ポイントや注意点、出戻り社員に関するQ&Aを解説しますので、ぜひ参考にしてください。
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出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用・再雇用)とは?
出戻り採用とは、自社を卒業(退職)した人材を再雇用するものです。
もともとアルムナイというのは卒業生という意味で、大学OB/OGなどを示す言葉として使われていました。
それがビジネス分野でも取り入れられ、自社の卒業生や退職者のネットワークをアルムナイと呼び、出戻り採用をアルムナイ採用と呼ぶようになっています。
出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)が注目される背景
冒頭でも触れたとおり、最近は転職と中途採用が当たり前となっています。
その中で、また、仕事の専門化なども進む中で、自社の採用基準をクリアするキャリア層の確保に頭を悩ませる企業は多くなっています。
こうしたなかで注目されているのが、自社を退職した卒業生(アルムナイ)の再雇用です。
たとえば、優秀な人材が、自己成長やキャリアアップなどの前向きな目的で退職をした場合、自社に大きな不満を抱えていたわけではなく、離職後もSNS上などで定期的な交流や情報交換の機会を持つことが可能です。
そして、退職者はかつて自社の採用基準をクリアした人材であり、自社の業務もよく把握しています。
したがって、アルムナイは、一般の中途社員よりも高い即戦力になるでしょう。さらに社外で経験を積んで、退職時よりも成長して戻ってくる場合もあります。
そもそも転職が一般化した結果として、アルムナイが増えているという状況もあり、近年、出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)を実施している企業が増加しています。
出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)のメリット・デメリット
出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)を実施する場合、メリット・デメリットを知っておくことが大切です。
メリット
出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用)は以下の効果とメリットがあります。
・採用基準をクリアする可能性が高い
企業の採用基準は、時期やステージによって変わるものですが、出戻りをするアルムナイの場合、過去に採用基準を一回クリアしているという事実があります。
そして、社外での経験も積んで戻ってくるわけで、出戻り採用の対象者は、自社の中途採用基準をクリアする可能性は高いでしょう。
・ミスマッチを防げる
出戻り採用の場合、採用企業とアルムナイの双方が、お互いのことをよく知っています。
したがって、出戻り採用では入社後の「こんなはずじゃなかった!」というミスマッチは起こりにくいものです。
また、出戻りをするアルムナイは、円満退職をしているケースがほとんどであるため、一般の中途社員よりもエンゲージメントも高まりやすいでしょう。
アルムナイの場合、再度入社を決める時点で、一定の覚悟も持っていることが期待できます。
・採用コストや教育コストを削減できる
出戻り採用では、アルムナイのネットワークやSNSなどの交流機会・接点などから、自然な流れで「うちの企業に戻ってこないか?」などの声かけや話し合いが行なわれることがほとんどです。
したがって、一般の中途採用のような採用費用がかかりません。
また、アルムナイの場合、自社の価値観や共通言語、仕事の進め方なども理解しているため、一般の新入社員のような日程で研修を行なわなくても即戦力になりますので、教育コストや手間も削減できます。
・新たなイノベーションや案件につながる
アルムナイが、同じ業界での起業や転職先で新たな経験を積んで、人脈も広がっていることが多いでしょう。
そのため、アルムナイの出戻り採用をすることで、新しい視点での案件提案や、新技術を使った新規事業の創出なども行ないやすくなります。
アルムナイの人脈を使って、外部企業や起業家とのオープンイノベーションが実現することもあるでしょう。
デメリット
アルムナイ採用を導入する場合、以下の点に注意をする必要があります。
・既存社員が混乱・反発する可能性がある
アルムナイは一般的に、円満退職をしていることが大半です。
しかし、退職時の引き継ぎが中途半端な場合や、急な転職で既存社員に負担がかかっていた場合、アルムナイを再雇用することで、現場に不満・反発が生じることもあるでしょう。
・情報漏えいのリスクがある
アルムナイを口説く過程では、以前の上司や経営陣が「来年◯◯のプロジェクトを始めるので、ぜひ……」といった具体的な話をすることがあります。
こうした話は、アルムナイに「社内の人」のような感覚を抱いているからこそ起こる流れです。
しかし、実際のアルムナイは、雇用契約を締結するまで「社内の人」ではありません。
場合によっては、魅了付けの過程で、現状では「社外の人」であるアルムナイに社外秘の情報を流してしまうようなリスクもあるでしょう。
出戻り社員(アルムナイ採用)の採用方法と注意点
出戻り社員を採用する場合、デメリットで紹介したような問題を起こさないためにも、以下の点に注意をして導入準備や魅了付けをする必要があります。
アルムナイメンバーとのコミュニケーション
出戻り社員を採用するには、退職後も、良いつながりやコミュニケーションを維持することが大切です。
また、企業からの定期的な情報発信を通じて、自社の魅了付けをすることも大切です。
定期的なコミュニケーションを通じてお互いの近況を知っていれば、新規事業などを始めるときに声がけしたり、またアルムナイ側からも出戻りを考えていたりしたときに声かけなどをしやすくなります。
SNS上で繋がっておくのが良いですし、アルムナイの活性化に特化したクラウドサービスも登場しています。
近年では、コロナ禍も経て、オンラインサービスを利用したコミュニケーションがしやすくなっています。
既存社員とアルムニメンバーへの求人告知
採用活動を行なう際、あえてアルムナイメンバー「向け」にする必要はないですが、アルムナイメンバーへの告知は必要です。
また、アルムナイ採用に取り組む際には、自社の中途採用を既存社員に告知しておくことも有効です。
多くの場合、アルムナイメンバーは既存社員とコミュニケーションがあります。
既存社員に周知しておくと、既存社員を経由して出戻りの相談がくることも多くなるでしょう。
良い企業づくり
大前提として、出戻り採用をするうえでは、アルムナイが「復職したい」と思えるような“良い企業づくり”を行なうことが必要です。
以下のようなポイントを押さえて“いい職場”づくりに普段から取り組んでいきましょう。
インナーブランディングエンゲージメントの向上ミッション・ビジョン・バリューの浸透心理的安全性の向上副業制度の導入多様な働き方の受け入れ経営陣や社員間のコミュニケーションの促進福利厚生の充実人事評価制度の見直し など
アルムナイ採用の注意点
優秀な一人のアルムナイを再雇用できても、既存社員が反発してモチベーションが下がったり、離職者が出てしまったりしては意味がありません。
アルムナイの出戻り採用を導入するときには、社内の声にも耳を傾け、採用基準や待遇を杜撰にしないことが大切になります。
また、アルムナイ本人にもきちんと覚悟を求める必要があるでしょう。
また、採用後は、アルムナイに過剰な優遇などをせず、既存社員と同じように接することが大切になります。
出戻り社員に関するQ&A
最後に、出戻り採用の導入時に多い質問と答えをまとめます。
賃金や役職などの待遇はどう決める?
基本はケース・バイ・ケースの判断になりますが、既存社員の不公平感をなくし、アルムナイ本人と既存メンバーの納得感を高めるには、再雇用する場合の役職や待遇などの基本方針をあらかじめ決めておくのがおすすめです。
初期研修や教育は必要か?
初期研修と教育の必要性は、仕事をするうえで必要な以下のことを、アルムナイ本人がどのくらい知っているか(覚えているか)によって変わってきます。
- ミッション・ビジョン・バリュー
- 仕事をするうえでの共通言語
- 仕事の進め方
- 業務システムの使い方 など
たとえば、アルムナイが退職してからの数年間で、自社の価値観や仕事のやり方が大きく変わった場合、ほかの中途社員と同様に初期研修から受けてもらう必要があるでしょう。
一方で、退職から出戻り採用の期間が短く、在職中に身につけた価値観や共通言語を日々の仕事に使える状態であれば、変更点だけの部分的な教育・指導で良いかもしれません。
まとめ
近年では、優秀な人材の流動化が進み、なおかつ採用難に陥りやすい時代のなかで、出戻り採用(アルムナイ採用・再雇用)に注目する企業が増えるようになりました。
実際に自社で働いていたアルムナイを採用する出戻り採用は、ミスマッチも防げますし、採用コストや教育コストもほぼ必要なく、非常に良い形です。
ただし、既存社員から反発が生じないようにしたり、選考プロセスや待遇等に関しては注意が必要だったりします。
企業が出戻り採用を始める際には、まず、優秀な人材が離職するときに次のキャリアを応援するスタンスで円満退職をしてもらう必要があります。
また、SNSなどを通じて定期的なコミュニケーションを図っておくことが有効です。もちろん、戻りたくなるような“良い職場づくり”が大前提です。
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古庄 拓
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